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In this review, we discuss the development of smart nanomaterials for treating cancer, with emphasis on the strategies of drug targeting and triggering sustained release of drug from the nanocarriers. Release 243, 342356 (2016), S. Sabnis et al., Superparamagnetic reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanocarriers for magnetically guided drug delivery. Shaikh et al., Liposome co-encapsulation of synergistic combination of irinotecan and doxorubicin for the treatment of intraperitoneally grown ovarian tumor xenograft. Nanotechnol. Mater. Release 200, 138157 (2015), C.K. Mater. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Soc. Small 6(20), 22612265 (2010), Y.B. Recently, a theranostic nanoparticle to enhance intra-tumoral drug delivery by overcoming drug resistance and providing image-guided drug delivery by reducing the systemic toxicity was developed using iron oxide nanoparticles. OVA formulated with iron oxide nanoparticles significantly promoted the activation of immune cells and cytokine production, inducing potent humoral and cellular immune responses. C 89, 1524 (2018), P. Li et al., Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles complexed with nano-oxide graphene used for upconversion fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy. Adv. The active targeting was achieved using cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, since epidermal growth factor receptor is highly expressed on the tumor surface of colorectal cancer cells. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis: progress, challenges and opportunities In the fight against cancer, early detection is a key factor for successful treatment. J. Nanomed. Specificity is defined as how effective the interaction is between the ligand-conjugated nanoparticles with their target molecules weighted against off-target effects incurred before reaching the target molecules. Rep. 6, 28983 (2016), J. Nie, Y. Wang, W. Wang, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of stimuli-responsive vesicle from PEGylated hyperbranched PAMAM-doxorubicin conjugate for gastric cancer therapy. Several studies have demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity with targeting moieties. -, Quazi S (2021) Telomerase gene therapy: a remission towards cancer. 2023 Mar 11;15(6):1400. doi: 10.3390/polym15061400. 550(1), 170179 (2018), H. Gan et al., Enhanced delivery of sorafenib with anti-GPC3 antibody-conjugated TPGS-b-PCL/pluronic P123 polymeric nanoparticles for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, nanomaterials can also be designed for increased drug loading, improved half-life in the body, controlled release, and selective distribution by modifying their composition, size, morphology, and surface chemistry. A comprehensive set of guidelines for regulatory approval is urgently needed to expedite the evaluation and approval of cancer nanotherapeutics. Kam, Z. Liu, H. Dai, Functionalization of carbon nanotubes via cleavable disulfide bonds for efficient intracellular delivery of siRNA and potent gene silencing. Carbohyd. Proc. J. Pharm. Sci. Int. Before The most common route of administration of nanomaterial-based anticancer drugs is intravenous injection. Polym. Part of Navya et al., Single step formation of biocompatible bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of gold and silver using isonicotinylhydrazide. When multiple ligand molecules are accumulated onto the nanosystems, there is an overall increase in the avidity of the nanoparticles for its cognate target [45]. The study has shown the sustained and pH-dependent release, in which the volume of the tumor reduced compared tothe untreated control. In fact, significant strides have been made towards the application of engineered nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer with high specificity, sensitivity and efficacy. Nanotherapeutics are J. Typically not drugs themselves, nanoparticles have the potential to deliver traditional cancer drugs to tumors with fewer side effects, or to enable non-traditional drugs (e.g., proteins or nucleic acids) to be targeted to . Biol. Mater. J. Med. The large-scale production of nanoformulations, however, is quite challenging as their physicochemical properties may vary from batch to batch. Nano-Bio Interfacial Research Laboratory (NBIRL), Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of BioSciences/School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, Suresh Kumar Bhargava&Hemant Kumar Daima, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts (UMass) Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303002, India, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638401, India, You can also search for this author in Several researchers have demonstrated that half-generation dendrimers exhibit lower toxicity than the full generation of polyamide amine [277,278,279]. Google Scholar, J.D. J. Sci. These accumulated nanoparticles were captured and quickly cleared by macrophages resulting in suboptimal tumor cell internalization [47]. Nanoscale 10(18), 85368546 (2018), N. Singh, A. Sachdev, P. Gopinath, Polysaccharide functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes as nanocarriers for delivery of curcumin in lung cancer cells. The extent and kinetics of nanomaterial accumulation at the tumor site are influenced by their size. Pharm. ACS Nano 1(1), 5056 (2007), R.P. Toxicol. J. Lancet et al., Final results of a phase III randomized trial of CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 in older patients with newly diagnosed high risk (secondary) AML. Carbon 107, 8799 (2016), Q. Zhang et al., Biocompatible, uniform, and redispersible mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer-targeted drug delivery in vivo. 115(19), 1093810966 (2015), G. Bozzuto, A. Molinari, Liposomes as nanomedical devices. Before Doxorubicin-loaded lactoferrin-PLS displayed stronger inhibitory effects in ASGPR-positive HCC cells than with unmodified PEGylated liposomes. Thus, nanotechnology is creating new opportunities for designing materials that can revolutionize the approaches to drug delivery and transform the landscape of the pharmacological treatment of cancer [7, 24,25,26]. J. Would you like email updates of new search results? Recent approaches have explored concomitantly targeting multiple surface receptors with single nanoparticle systems conjugated with multiple ligands [53]. Biomaterials 32(33), 85488554 (2011), C.H.J. Int. 6(4), 10921099 (2009), D. Wang et al., Multi-layered tumor-targeting photothermal-doxorubicin releasing nanotubes eradicate tumors in vivo with negligible systemic toxicity. 66, 225 (2014), D. Rosenblum et al., Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. The chemical changes can also introduce changes in the hydrophobicity of the polymer, changing the integrity of nanoparticles and thereby leading to release of drug cargo. Cookies policy. Also, several nanoplatforms have already been developed to release the cargos in response to various stimuli, offering multifunctionality and specificity. Med. As cancer is known to be a consequence of DNA defects, many countries are battling with nipping it in the bud, particularly developing nations [41]. Redox activated polymeric nanoparticles in tumor therapy (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2017). They employed EGFR and folate receptor (FR) overexpressed in ovarian cancer as target surface molecules, and used monoclonal antibodies against these receptors as dual ligands for Au nanoparticle targeting. 13(8), 24952505 (2017), Q. 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A review on dna nanobots - A new technique for cancer treatment The smart design and synthesis of a library of nanomaterials, precise control over their physicochemical properties and ease of their surface functionalization to increase specificity is indeed necessary for the success of cancer nanotherapeutics. Cancer 17, 20 (2016), B. Ruozi et al., PLGA nanoparticles loaded cerebrolysin: studies on their preparation and investigation of the effect of storage and serum stability with reference to traumatic brain injury. Approaches for co-delivery of different chemotherapeutics have been developed as a useful method for the treatment of cancer. The surface chemistry of Au nanoparticles and their use in cancer treatment have been extensively studied [125, 126]. The cellular entry of nanomaterials depends on surface charge [109]. In addition to tailoring the surface corona, engineered nanomaterials reduce their toxicity and enhance their stability [23, 44, 119]. ACS Nano 6(6), 53665380 (2012). Despite efforts to mitigate risk factors in recent decades, the prevalence of cancer is continuing to increase [1]. The cytotoxicity of the dendrimer encapsulated doxorubicin and LFC131-DOX-D4 to BT-549-Luc cells was evaluated and the IC50 value of LFC131-DOXD4 was 2.8 fold of DOX-D4 against BT-549-Luc cells and it was 6.8 fold of DOX-D4 against T47D cells after 24h of incubation, indicating that the ligand conjugated doxorubicin encapsulated dendrimer can enhance the cytotoxicity of the drug against the cancer cell lines [281]. Artif. Lin, Effect of surface functionalization of MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles on the endocytosis by human cancer cells. This phenomenon can be further exploited for potential therapeutic purposes, employing nanoparticles as drug or gene delivery carriers. Mater. Additionally, since these nanocarriers interact with the biomolecules and may tend to aggregate forming a protein corona, disturbing the regular function of nanomedicine formulations and rendering them ineffective in controlling the cancer cell growth [286]. Besides, liposomal co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can minimize cancer cell drug resistance and make them more sensitive to individual drugs. Iacobazzi et al., Targeting human liver cancer cells with lactobionic acid-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC sorafenib loaded dendrimers. Med. Biosci. This category of nanomaterials forms a significant fraction of current drug delivery systems due to their precise control of size and shape, tuneable physicochemical properties, controlled surface chemistry and diverse multifunctionality.