Orphan child-headed families are an emerging phenomenon, and are progressively moving toward institutionalization, not only in Zambia, but in most African countries. The online vs. traditional therapy debate is on! Depression test /Resources 96 0 R Multiculturalism recognizes the multiplicity of subcultures which differentiate, for instance, one tribal grouping or clan from another, and one society from another. Advantages of Email Counselling and Online Therapy in General Emotional Memory Management: Positive Control Over Your Memory Pennebaker Inventory of Mental health library Important milestones such as birth, puberty, marriage, adulthood, and death, are typically marked by special celebratory and ritualistic ceremonies at the individual, family, and community levels, and state funerals are a common feature at national level, including memorial services in remembrance of deceased relatives at family level. Modern counseling evolved and changed rapidly during the 20th Century, and contains within it a variety of different themes, emphases, practices, and orientations [1]. Some people believe that it is a means of giving good advice, teaching on morality, mentoring for initiation, and guidance on marriage and sociocultural issues. This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. /Font << By using certain forms of online therapy, clients can write, talk with or without video, communicate in real time or asynchronously and even send pictures. The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. << >> It offers different approaches to the world, because each perspective captures a differently valid approach, and defends a rational sense for language rather than just a representational one, because language has a high correlation with culture and the perception of reality. This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] A ritual is a prescribed order for performing a religious service, or performance of actions in rite, or a procedure regularly followed. << /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Type /Page Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. Witchcraft is closely linked to magic and sorcery, and sorcery is a form of destructive magic. 29 0 obj WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to Disadvantages of Counselling or Therapy by Email endobj endobj Closely linked to the issue of witchcraft is the aspect of places of power, and land shrines which are permanent features of the landscape and regarded as inherently sacred, or as the source of spiritual power. The Commute and Scheduling Can Be a Hassle. Advantage: One of the most commonly discussed advantages of online counseling is the sheer convenience of the platform. There is no specific timeframe for individual sessions in traditional counseling, but the traditional counselor applies intuition to determine the most appropriate timing for each session, depending on prevailing circumstances and conditions in each case. These broad and inclusive descriptions of culture suggest that there are variable factors which define a peoples culture, which are learned, assimilated, and integrated, over time. << /Rotate 0 WebEven with the emergence of modern Guidance and Counselling, Traditional guidance and Counselling still plays a vital role in society. It is plausible to postulate that both natural spirits and ancestral spirits are important factors in the etiology of human disease causation and the practice of traditional herbal medicine. /BG2 /Default endobj Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Counselling | ipl.org Learning New Skills and Building Your Career. Whether you use a network or not, you cant charge clients as much for it. endobj /Parent 1 0 R are the benefits of Counselling The revelation may have occurred near a river, rock, cave, mountain, tree, or any such other notable emblem. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society; and many people practice rituals as part of their sociocultural norm or religious service, and a symbol of traditional heritage. Press 38 0 obj endobj The price can blow past $200 in places like New York City. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. Advantages And Disadvantages In Counselling | ipl.org The effects of globalization, acculturation and social integration all bear testimony to this observation. Traditional counseling is beset by cultural nuances: it takes place in the local environment, it is offered by the local people, it reflects a mirror of the society in which it is offered, and it has always been part of the human experience since ancient times. << 16 0 obj The behavior of people varies from one culture to another. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The universal experience suggests that all human beings are products of their own culture, hence the unique cultural identities in each human society worldwide. endobj What are the Advantages And Disadvantages of Online Counseling? Articles contain trusted third-party sources that are either directly linked to in the text or listed at the bottom to take readers directly to the source. << Witch-hunts have proliferated, despite the increasing importance of Christian churches and the peoples communion and association through various religious denominations at the national level. /Parent 1 0 R By eliminating negative thoughts, the person can think clearly. /OP false /Parent 1 0 R The institution of marriage is an important cultural heritage in most African countries. All the personal and sensitive information of patients is stored on internet sites or devices. By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeb By Ntsika Majiba and Nolonwabo Happiness Majiba, IntechOpen Limited /Differences [ 32 /space 40 /parenleft /parenright 44 /comma /hyphen /period 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon 65 /A /B /C /D /E 72 /H /I 75 /K /L 78 /N 80 /P 82 /R /S /T /U 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i 107 /k /l /m /n /o /p 114 /r /s /t /u /v /w 121 /y 169 /copyright ] Through this process, the structure of society is confirmed, sustained, and perpetuated from one successive generation to another. /Filter /FlateDecode /Type /Page There are a few potential benefits to a traditional system of power and authority. Shes booked, maybe for months. /Parent 1 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endobj The mythical interpretation of the universe is an active part of everyday life and a vital social force. /GS1 36 0 R For most young girls as they advance toward pubescence, the pubertal initiation ceremony is something they eagerly look forward to, prepare for, and freely participate in. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? /Type /Page Traditional counseling theory is collectivist in orientation, and it emphasizes stronger social bonds, promotes group cohesiveness and belongingness, and enhances An elaboration of the various modern counseling models and orientations is outside the scope of this chapter. The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. Is highly structured. It is contextualistic in orientation, because personal conduct can only be understood in the context within which it takes place. << Confidentiality is an essential element of individual counselling. 21 0 obj 30 0 obj >> It recognizes that both counselor and client identities are formed and embedded in multiple levels of experience (individual, group and universal) and context (individual, family and culture). /Contents 83 0 R /Parent 1 0 R From an African perspective, this collectivist orientation builds stronger sociocultural bonds, promotes more cohesive avenues of problem resolution, and enhances desirable behavior change for the common good of the society. WebSome advantages of psychoanalytic theory are that it uncovers the roots of the problem, helps clients to relieve past experiences to work through the repressed conflicts and it explains how the personality is constructed. The key elements that inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling from an African perspective are (Figure 2): cultural context, collective belief system, and initiation rituals [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11]. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Take our free mental health test, It Wont Make You as Much Money as In-Office Therapy. << You might need to ask your supervisor for time off. /Type /Page The implication of these observations is that traditional healers combine their practice of healing with adherence counseling through the provision of primary health care in both rural and urban communities. This yields the notion of totems and rituals, ancestral religion and customs, and special shrines which serve as places of intimate personal memory and repositories of traditional knowledge, although ritual practices are much more diverse and fluid. Most counseling theories have tended to focus on the individual, giving minimal attention to contextual issues and sociocultural values, customs and practices. All they require is a method of payment and email. Therapy endobj /Producer (Python PDF Library \055 http\072\057\057pybrary\056net\057pyPdf\057) 27 0 obj Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. 5 Princes Gate Court, The African interpretation of childhood refers to a period spanning about 15 years of a childs life from conception, and integrates early teenage and pubescence. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The counseling process is like a road map that helps the counselor to know when to get started, where to go, and when to determine the end point of the counseling journey. The conceptualization of traditional counseling is unique, dynamic, complex and multifaceted. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The concept of culture has serious implications for traditional counseling theory and practice. /Type /Page Research & insights Culture is complex, dynamic, and bears both overt and covert differences which are unique to each human society. The traditional counselor must be proactive and interactive during the counseling process, and should be conscious of the sociocultural context of the client, his family and environment, which is in sharp contrast to the professional counselors role of reactivity and passivity, which is required in classical psychodynamic counseling practice. Traditional counseling has always been part of the fabric of all human cultures and societies, present in the very midst of peoples and communities worldwide, from time immemorial. Alexa skill, Blog According to Laungani [24], the fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism are: that all human beings are products of their own culture; that each culture has a uniquely acquired way of construing its own worldview that gives meaning to life and living; that within each culture there exists a plurality of beliefs, values, norms and traditional practices; that each culture has something to offer and learn from another culture which assumes comparative meaning only in relation to other cultures; and that a mixture of cultures is more likely to lead to the enrichment of an individuals intellectual, emotional, spiritual, humanitarian, moral, and altruistic visions. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Contents 81 0 R /Type /Page In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. The reverse is true when the changes are deemed beneficial to the individual. Spiritual forces associated with places of power are defined differently from the spirits appealed to at land shrines which are reputed to have a link to the community stemming from their past experience as a people. They constitute links in the ancestral chain for generations in perpetuity, as a lifeline for the family and clan, genealogically. This development is necessitated by the demands of schooling, innovations to traditional practices, and commercialization, among many factors at play. During the wedding ceremony, the ritual performances integrate traditional, religious, and cultural aspects whose focus is on emphasizing the oneness of the couple as a unitary entity, and as a vehicle for bearing children. 37 0 obj List of the Cons of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. /Resources 59 0 R Here are a few therapeutic approaches that are difficult or nearly impossible to conduct online: As we mentioned earlier, in-office therapy typically costs between $75 and $150 for a 45-60 minute session. /Resources 100 0 R >> The multicultural counselor competencies involve the continual development of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills, related to the awareness of ones own assumptions, values, and biases, understanding the worldview of the culturally different client, and the application of culturally appropriate interventions, strategies and techniques [26]. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Initiation rituals have been a central part of traditional cultures of African society, from ancient times. /Parent 1 0 R << How? In rural communities of most African countries, people live in relatively small villages. Traditional healers are a valued category of people in the community, as they possess the cultural knowledge and social skills to make an impact on health promotion. A meta-theory is prescriptive and defines what is meaningful and meaningless, what is acceptable and unacceptable, what is good and bad, and what is central and peripheral to inquiry [27]. WebWorking together with a counselor, healer, or helper from an unknown culture can vastly improve a counselors ability to be effective and the probability of success in implementing appropriate interventions. With the incre uhasing threat Based on this understanding, it is manifest that rituals are part of the cultural life of people, and ritual performance is a normal traditional custom and practice in most human societies worldwide. They are derived from socialization and culture, environmental influences, and education, among many other factors. Traditional counseling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to physical illness, psychosomatic dysfunction, or cardiac failure, injury, or accident. /Contents 87 0 R 3)To prevent chronic If youre serious about being a great online therapist, you can take courses, train with online therapy networks and earn credentials such as the Distance Credentialed Counselor [DCC]. There are several thematic beliefs that underlie the value systems of most African cultures and societies. stream endobj 40 0 obj Each person must be invested in themselves for cognitive behavioral therapy to work. How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? Most people, both educated and uneducated, believe in magic and witchcraft at the community level. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The process of pubertal rituals involves initiation counseling and mentoring. The theoretical framework of traditional counseling is supported by multicultural theory, which promotes a systematic integration of numerous theoretical concepts based on the complexity of human experience and sociocultural, situational, and environmental factors. The performance of rituals ought to be viewed as an important cultural norm and traditional practice. It is anchored on some fundamental assumptions which are core to its theory, research and practice. People in all societies, at all times, have experienced emotional or psychological distress and behavioral problems; and in each culture, there have been well-established indigenous ways of helping people to deal with these difficulties. endobj The informal education, and the initiation counseling related to performance of rituals at the pubertal stage, place emphasis on learning for transformation, and at the marital stage, on social integration. Clients are willing to pay much more for in-office therapy than online therapy. Much has been written about the different modern counseling models, clearly defining both the theory and practice of the various orientations, as well as the taxonomy of generic problems and their diagnosis, treatment, and management. Licensee IntechOpen. /Resources 117 0 R /Resources 72 0 R >> /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. /Subtype /Type1 WebThe importance of confidentiality within counselling is extremely valuable as every individual has the right to say how their information can be accessed. This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. 9 0 obj Even with health insurance coverage, traditional therapy costs an average $75-150 per session (usually 45-60 minutes). If you work with an online therapy network, the company will send you potential clients. The words traditional and indigenous are used in the context of the original experience of the sacred, cultivated by the African people, and the concrete expression of that experience within the different ecological and socio-historical settings [9]. WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations and those that wish to take a transitional commitment such as initiation at puberty and marriage or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one due to physical illness, injury or accident. stream It recognizes that all counseling relationships ultimately exist within a cultural context, and they are multicultural in nature. >> The culture of people in any human society is partly determined by their belief and value systems which influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. /SM 0.02000 For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. 4 0 obj endobj /FontFamily (Sentinel) These key elements are elaborated hereunder. A successful marriage is not only measured on the basis of fundamental aspects of stability, longevity, and prosperity, but also on the number of children born. << Terms of use Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy [EMDR]. endobj /Rotate 0 /Resources 48 0 R >> On the other end of the price spectrum, online therapy can be much lower for a week for unlimited communications. In rural communities, large land areas are divided into chiefdoms under the command of Chiefs. Traditional medicine is shrouded in ritualistic observance and practice. Traditional Counseling Definition | Law Insider Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. Either choice will lead you to a happier life. If he or she asks what its for, you might not be comfortable telling him or her its for therapy. Counselling, on average, requires a substantial amount of time, before the patient can actually feel its effects. This poses a big problem, as it is common occurrence for patients attending counselling, to get impatient and lose faith in the counselling process and stop returning to counselling. This would leave the patients problems unattended. endobj Advantages And Disadvantages Of Psychoanalytic Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients.